Presently, renewable energy and biofuels have been considered as a high potential alternative bio-based energy source in substitution of conventional fossil resources. Regarding our rich of agricultural products and bioresources in Thailand, we therefore consider those products, especially the agricultural waste and the bio-based waste such as cassava root, cassava bagasse, sugarcane bagasse, to be converted into biochemical and biofuels through promising catalytic, thermochemical, electrochemical, biochemical and biological processes in both lab-scale and pilot-scale reactors. Additionally, a biorefinery and front-edge separation techniques have also been applied. As a result, wide variety products, including ethanol, butanol, lactic acid, biodiesel, green diesel and bio-jet, can be obtained. In addition to these liquid chemicals and fuels, bio-char, activated carbon and fabricable biobased materials and biogas, have been obtained. Regarding global warming and climate change issues, we also capture CO₂, which is a major greenhouse gas, from industrial gas streams and catalytically covert the capture CO₂ to energy source and high value added chemicals such as methane and methanol.